Utawala na Utumishi

CHAPTER ONE

BUKOMBE DISTRICT PROFILE

1.0 Introduction

Bukombe was one of 9 rural Districts established by the government of Tanzania in July 1995 with a total of 13 wards which are Uyovu, Ushirombo, Lulembela, Ilolangulu, Mbogwe, Ushirika, Nyasato, Lugunga, Masumbwe, Bukandwe, Iponya, Iyogelo and Bukombe.  The district was separated from Kahama district after it had experienced a number of administrative and development challenges such as, vast area of Kahama district in Shinyanga region which had an area of 19.943km², inaccessible topography population increase, poor communication networks and the thinly dispersed distribution patterns of human settlement with its area of jurisdiction.

Due to administrative and development challenges in 2010 administrative areas increased 29 wards in 2 election constituents (Bukombe and Mbogwe).

In 2013 Bukombe District was devided to form two Local Governments namely Bukombe and Mbogwe. Bukombe District remained with 13 wards namely Uyovu, Namonge, Ng’anzo, Igulwa, Iyogelo, Bugelenga, Lyambamgongo, Bukombe, Ushirombo, Butinzya, Runzewe East, Runzewe West and Busonzo. In 2014 four wards were formed and made the number of wards to increase from 13 to 17 wards. The four ward were Igulwa, Bulangwa, Katome and Bulega.

The Special committee was formed for dividing the existing resources, especially Human resources and debts between a new Mbogwe and Bukombe District. The committee sat on 01^st March 2013. On 10^th March 2013, the Councilors in cooperation with Bukombe and Mbogwe District staffs conducted a special full council meeting.

Bukombe District is now one of the 5 districts constituting Geita region and one of the 6 Local Government Authorities in the same region.

Table 1: District Statistical Data

No	Information	Descriptions
1.	Location	The District is located at 30.00’ latitude and 4030’ south of Equator
2.	Land coverage	8,055.59 Km2 which is 20.6% of the 50,781 km2 total region land coverage.
3.	Settlement, Agricultural and Livestock keeping land.	1,766.59 km2 equivalent to 22 % of the total area
4.	Reserved, forestry and wildlife conserved areas	6,289 km2 equivalent to 78% of the total area
5.	Population	According the 2012 population and housing Census, the District is having 224,542 people where 110,857 were females and 113,685 are males. Population growth rate is 5.9% per annum and the factors for population growth are births and migration. The household size is 5.9 and the population density is 27 people per km2 and the district population is uneven distributed. To date the District is approximated to have a population of 258,405 where 127,575 are female and 130,830 are males (NBS, 2016)
6.	Productive people	105,534 people of the age between 15 and 60 are productive which is equivalent to 47% of the total population.
7.	Administration	The District has 3 Divisions, 17 Wards, 52 Villages, 134 Streets and 239 Hamlets
8.	Climate	The district is experiencing tropical type of climate with the average 220C annual range of temperature. And the Annual range of rainfall ranges between 900mm – 1200mm.
9.	Education	The District has a total of 78 Primary schools and 14 Secondary schools owned by the Government. 6 primary school (St. Aloysius, Hwima mine, Kadis, Citizen, High land, Padre Pio) and 2 secondary schools (are privately owned.
10.	Health	The District has a total of 9 Health facilities where by 1 is the District Hospital, 3 Health Centre and 6 Dispensaries owned by the Government. Apart from those owned by the Government, we have 8 Dispensaries which are privately owned.
11.	Roads Network	The District is approximated to have the total of 1,520 Km road network (To date 876 Km have already measured and the activity is under progress)
12.	Agriculture	2 Irrigation schemes (Bugelenga & Nampangwe) 19 Crops warehouses where 6 are owned by the Government and 13 are private owned. The main cash crops grown in the District are Cotton, Sunflower and Tobacco
13.	Beekeeping	The District has 225,000 beehives where by 100 beehives are owned by Tanzania Forest Service (TFS) and the rest are owned by Individuals. The District has the capacity of producing an average 63 tons of honey and 3 tons of wax.
14.	Livestock	3 Slaughter slab (Uyovu, Katente and Mwalo) 5 Dips (Ituga, Bukombe, Bugando, Msonga and Msasani)
15.	Water Resources	The District has 7 water projects where by 1 of them (Ushirombo Water Piped Scheme) is supervised by Ushirombo Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority (UUWSSA). The rest 6 water projects at Bulega, Uyovu, Bukombe, Ikuzi, Ibambilo and Musasa are Projects supervised by Community Owned Water Supply Organizations (COWSOs). But the one located at Musasa is not working. The main source of water in Bukombe District is underground water. 275 shallow wells located all around the District 13 bore holes, located at different villages; 2 at Musasa, 2 at Lyambamgongo and the rest at Uyovu, Maganzo mission, Butinzya, Lulamba, Nampalahala, Butinzya, Bwenda, Ng’anzo and  Mwalo
16.	District Economy	84% of the district population depends much on agricultural activities. The per capita incomes is estimated to be Tshs.750,000/=

The District Profile intends to disclose important sectorial details and Information for Internal and external users. It is therefore considered that having, having identified pre-existing stakeholders; will accordingly make their plans in favor of addressing potential challenges facing the District.

Based on the available statistical information, it nevertheless presents a fair picture of what goes on in the District. Efforts are being made to collect and compile more information concerning the District.

The profile covers the formation of the District and how it has seen developing over time.

It also describes the District’s Physical and demographic characteristics and how it is presently administered.

The profile indicates that the District’s population is growing at 5.9% annually, consequently there are inadequacies in provision of various public services. This profile shows the current physical and demographical status of pro-poor sectors in the District.

The important economic activities as well as opportunities for investment in some of the sectors are also covered.

The District Authority recognizes material and financial support provided by various stakeholders, hence, it sincerely extends its appreciation for the support given to the District by the Central government, Red Cross Tanzania, JSI, Just to mention few.

 

For the betterment of the District and the Community at Large, the District Authority strives to create conducive environment for various stakeholders to operate so as to fulfill the District vision and Mission.

1.1 Transport and Infrastructure

The trunk road of a stretch of 115km runs from Isaka to Burundi/Rwanda crosses the district from the South – East to North – West direction. The road has tremendously stimulated socio–economic opportunities and population influx to seek opportunities in areas of agriculture, mining, transport, trade, communication, marketing and construction industries.

Generally the district has a poor road network, the available ones are not only inadequate but also most of them are in poor condition. During rain season most of roads are impassable prohibiting the mobility of people and goods hence leading to increased prices of consumable goods.

 

Table 7:  Bukombe Road Network

APPENDIX II:

1.2 Livelihood Activities

Livelihood activities in the district are many and diverse. Generally, agriculture and livestock keeping are the major sources of income to the majority of the district population. People are also engaging themselves in other activities such as mining, casual labour, petty trading, bee–keeping, lumbering and charcoal burning. In few cases, formal employment is available in the villages where health extension workers and teachers are employed by either central government or the District Council. Other formal employment opportunities are available at the District Council Headquarters and District Commissioner’s office which includes the police force.

1.2.1 Agriculture and Livestock

About 90% of the Population depends on agriculture and livestock keeping as their major sources of income .The major food crops grown includes Maize, Cassava, Rice, Sweat potatoes, variety of leguminous crops and banana, while cotton tobacco and sunflower are cash crops grown by 53,240 household. Livestock kept are; cattle, goats sheep, donkey, pigs, chicken, ducks and dogs. 10% of the Population are engaging themselves in other activities such as mining, casual labour, petty trading, bee-keeping, lumbering and charcoal burning.

            

Markets for agricultural produce

According to simple survey conducted, agricultural commodities such as cotton, cassava, vegetables, maize, rice, tobacco, groundnuts and livestock are sold at Rwanda, Burundi, Dar es Salaam, Mwanza, Muleba, Biharamulo, Geita, Kahama, Shinyanga and other neighbouring regions and countries.

1.2.2 Wildlife (Game)

Wildlife hunting is one of the economic activities in Bukombe district. The wildlife activities are taking place in Moyowosi / Kigosi game reserve which has variety of wildlife species. There are six blocks which are utilized under tourist hunting. The district council benefit from hunting fees where by it receives 25% of fee from Wildlife Division though treasury.

There is no longer hunting tourism simply because the owner of the hunting blocks returned them to the Government. This is due to the increased number of livestock in the game reserve, cutting trees for charcoal and timber; and other related unfriendly environmental conservation activities.

 

1.2.3 Employment situation.

In Bukombe District mostly of the People are employed in Agriculture and Livestock sectors, which is the major income of the majority of people. Also people engaging in different self-employment activities including mining, casual labour, fishing, petty, bee-keeping, timbering and charcoal making. In most few cases, formal employment is available in the villages where health extension workers, Agriculture Extension works teachers and alike, whom employed by either central government or the District Council. Other formal employment opportunities are available at the District Council Headquarters and District Commissioner’s office which includes the police force.

1.2.4 Mining Activities

The district is potentially rich in mineral resources as it is believed to possess substantial deposit of gold. At present however, only small–scale, artisanal mining is carried out in the villages of Katente, Kelezia, Ng’anzo.

Africa Precious Metal (T) Ltd. opened up a formal gold buying centre for small–scale miners at Ushirombo. The mining campsites are known to be high risk areas of HIV/AIDS.

 

Large scale mining activities in the district is rapidly increasing. Mining exploration is underway in different parts of the district by companies like East African Mines, Pangea and Tan Can (T) Ltd. Pangea promised to support construction of Ng’anzo School. East African Gold and Tan Gold companies are still at exploration stage in ward and in Kigosi game reserve respectively.

1.3 People and Migration

The population increase by 5.9% is mainly due to migration rather than natural growth. Major influx is by people from Eastern part of the region and few from nearby region of Mwanza and Shinyanga. Seasonality of activities also influences people’s migration and labour demand. During the rain season, October – March, most labour is concentrated in agricultural activities. During the dry season, June–September when farmers sell their crops, rural – urban migration and vice versa is common for both men and women indicating increased affluence among the district community rush areas.

1.4 Social Services

1.4.1 Health Services

In the district there are 1 Hospitals owned by the District Council, 3 Health Centers, and 14 dispensaries.

Table 2.11 Bukombe district health facilities

Health services	Total	Government	Private	Religious institutions
Hospitals	01	01	-	-
Health centers	03	03	-	-
Dispensaries	14	05	08	01

           Source: DMO’s office – Bukombe.

The Health status of the Bukombe community can be shown by some few indicators below:

          Table 2:  Vital Health Indicators 

Indicators	National	Region	Council
Growth rate	2.7	2.6	5.9
Births rate	4.6	6.7	4.6
Children< 1 year	4.0	4.2	4.9
Children <5 years	21.0	19.6	18
Women: 15 – 49 years	18.0	0.22	19.1
Young people (10-24)	32.0	32.9	20
Maternal Mortality ratio	454.0	289	427
Prenatal Mortality Rate			110
Neonatal Mortality Rate		49	3.5
Infant Mortality Rate	26.0	51	3
Under Five Mortality	51.0	56	7.2
Number of elderly aged 60+ (1.4%)	81.0	73,863	5704
MVC (10-12% of < 18 years)		18,444	3428
Permanent Toilet	47.0	78.9	62

  Source: DMO’s office – Bukombe.

The vital health indicators data for Bukombe District Council show that the rate of 5.9% is higher than the National rate of 2.7% is alarming. In the plan we considered more interventions on population management such as family planning and raise of contraceptives utilization.

  Table 1: Important Primary Indicators of Health Status DHS 2016

Indicator	No of death in health facility	No of death in the Community	Total
Maternal mortality rate	23	0	23
Neonatal deaths rate	145	0	145
Infant mortality rate	52	0	52
Under Five mortality rate	197	0	197
TOTAL	417	0	417

 Source: DMO’s office - Bukombe

Table 1 above, Maternal deaths were 23, Neonatal deaths rate 145, Infant mortality rate 52 and Under five mortality rate 197. The main causes of maternal deaths are: anemia, PPH, APH and Puerperal sepsis. Also the factor like late referral from community to health facility, home deliveries, inadequate safe blood and few health facilities providing CEnMONC services in the district are the contributing factors to these maternal deaths, for focusses on improving referral system construction of more health facilities, increase availability of safe blood and to increase number of CEnMONC sites in order to decrease the number of maternal, neonatal and under five death in the district.

                                                                                                  

 Table 3:    Main OPD Diagnoses (list the top 10 diseases) in 2016

Diagnosis	< 5 years			5+ years
	M	F	Total	M	F	Total
Malaria	6,392	7,459	13,851	23,621	13,211	36,832
ARI	3,270	4,651	7,921	4,310	8,823	13,133
Diarrhea disease	5,130	5,727	10,857	2,833	2,671	5,504
Intestinal worms	135	832	967	2,688	4,980	7,668
Pneumonia	1,535	2,570	4,105	1,571	2,939	4,510
Anemia	1,461	1,551	3,012	1,175	1,330	2,505
Skin diseases	359	372	731	930	1,526	2,456
PEM	625	630	1,255	184	152	336
Eye conditions	231	288	519	328	604	932
Other diagnosis	254	256	510	420	466	886

Source: DMO’s office – Bukombe.

Data from the table 3 above, show that Malaria is still the leading cause of morbidity among both under 5 and above 5 years. Diarrhea, anemia, pneumonia and intestinal worms, contributes to high morbidity in the list also. This plan focuses to intervene these health problems so that we can minimize these morbidity.

Table 4:   Inpatient Admissions and Deaths per Diagnosis 

Diagnosis	< 5 years				5+ years				Total				CFR in %.
	Adminissions		Deaths		Adminissions		Deaths		Adminissions		Deaths
	M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F
Diarrhea diseases	167	344	4	8	29	49	0	0	196	393	4	8	2.04
Malaria severe	816	881	12	18	306	718	51	46	1,122	1,599	64	1,105	4.67
Malaria uncomplicated	799	921	0	0	51	86	0	0	850	1007	0	0	0
Tuberculosis	0	0	0	0	26	9	2	1	26	9	2	1	8.57
Anemia	784	1,079	28	30	93	50	1	0	877	1,129	29	30	2.94
Pneumonia	346	369	3	7	67	66	0	0	413	435	3	7	1.18
Complications of Pregnancy	0	0	0	0	0	125	0	0	0	125	0	0	0
Burns	22	20	1	0	7	3	0	0	29	23	1	0	1.92
Clinical AIDS	10	6	3	1	109	101	10	9	119	107	13	10	10.18
Other diagnosis	97	108	0	3	76	89	6	9	173	197	6	12	4.86

              Table 6: Summary of important HMIS Indicators showing the trend     

S/N	Indicator	2014	2015	2016
1	OPD attendances (persons attending)	73,636	96,813	118,811
2	Outpatient attendance per health worker ratio	1,320	1,599	2,425
3	ANC new attendance rate (in %)	28.8	52	98
4	ANC clients receiving TT2+ (in %)	65	66	86
5	IPT 2 (in %)	26	32	63
6	OPV 0 (in %)	56	54	88
7	DPT-HB-HIB3 immunization < 1 year (in %)-Pentavent 3	86	92	92
8	BCG (%)	88	92	96
9	Measles (%)	82	81	82
10	Vitamin A Supplementation (in %)	81	81	82
11	Family Planning New Acceptance Rate (in %)	26	28	69
12	Percentage Births attended at health facility (%)	38	28	56
13	Percentage Community delivery (%)	62	72	43
14	Percentage of health centres that provide basic EMoC%	52	56	56
15	Percentage of FBS among reported births (in %)	00	01	01
16	Caesarean Sections per expected births (in %)	4	08	05
17	Number of maternal death per year (give full number)	19	25	23
18	Emergency surgeries as percentage of general Surgeries recorded	13	16	18
19	Number of TB cases diagnosed in the last 12 months	413	438	545
20	Percentage TB cases treated successfully (%)	98	100	100
21	Percentage of TB cases cure rate (%)	92	98	98
22	Percentage of TB patient offered HIV testing (%)	96	98	98
23	Percentage of PLHIV screened for TB (%)	93	95	96
24	Percentage of under 5 deaths due to malaria (%)	5	04	05
25	Severe malnutrition rate (in %)	0	01	00
26	Moderate malnutrition rate (in %)	0	01	01
27	Percentage of low birth weight (in %)	5	04	05
28	No. of PLHIV cases recorded	986	1,895	1,965
29	No of PLHIV patients on ARVs	857	1,601	1,653
30	HIV Prevalence among Pregnant women (PMTCT)	8	03	03
31	Prevalence of HIV among people tested through VCT	6	07	05
32	Prevalence of HIV among people tested through PITC	9	08	06
33	Prevalence of HIV among blood donors	4	06	05

Source: DMO’s office – Bukombe.

 

The vital health indicator of Bukombe district council data shows 5.9% which is higher than the National rate of 2.7%. We have planned to consider more interventions on immunization and TB-HIV services

Table 9 (a):  Status of Health Facilities and ownership (Dispensaries, Health Cen

HF (Name)	HF Code	Ward	Type	Ownership	Population	Physical State
Bukombe Council Hospital	100511-5	Katente	H	Government	7,693	A
Msinga HC	100531-12	Runzewe Mashariki	C	Government	1,752	E
Bulega HC	100531-3	Bulega	C	Government	5,890	B
Ushirombo HC	108177-7	Bulangwa	C	Government	4,320	B
Uyovu HC	108233-8	Uyovu	C	Government	20,754	A
Bugando Dispensary	100437-3	Iyogelo	D	Government	1,265	B
Msasani Dispensary	105442-8	Bugelenga	D	Government	48,859	A
Iyogelo Dispensary	102042-9	Iyogelo	D	Government	2,885	B
Ikuzi Dispensary	101696-3	Runzewe Mashariki	D	Government	1,500	B
Bukombe Dispensary	100510-7	Bukombe	D	Government	3,720	B
Bugelenga Dispensary	100449-8	Bugelenga	D	Government	5,693	B
Wazazi Dillu Dispensary	109349-1	Uyovu	D	Private	36,541	A
Butinzya KMT Dispensary	111362-0	Butinya	D	Private	8,865	A
Wazazi Menonite Dispensary	104735-6	Uyovu	D	Private	7,694	A
Wazazi St. Paul Dispensary	10766-8	Igulwa	D	Private	53,544	A
St. Pio Maganzo Dispensary	107621-5	Ushirombo	D	Private	52,988	A
Wazazi Msonga Dispensary	108343-5	Igulwa	D	Private	52,999	A

Source; DMO Office – Bukombe

Most of heath facilities available, especially the dispensary serve an average of more than 5 villages, which are situated over 5 Km away from the health facilities. Strategies for community sensitization to contribute for construction of more HFs are underway.

 

Table 2.14 District Top 10 Diseases (2016)

No	Diseases	Number of Death
		<5	>5	Total
1.	Normal deliveries	0	23	23
2.	Malaria severe	65	64	129
3.	Anemia	6	0	6
4.	Emergency surgical conditions	0	0	0
5.	Pneumonia	1	0	1
6	Malaria uncomplicated	0	0	0
7	Other diagnosis	1	14	15
8	Diarrhea diseases	0	0	0
9	Cardiovascular diseases	0	5	5
10.	Other injuries	0	0	0

Source: DMO office – Bukombe

 

 

Malaria is a leading cause of deaths of both under 5 and above 5 years among the top 10 diseases above followed by anemia and cardiovascular diseases. Malaria also is the leading cause of many admissions for both under 5 and above 5 years followed anemia, pneumonia and diarrhea diseases. In our plan we focus to intervene these health problems so that we can reduce morbidities and mortalities due to the above diseases.

 

1.4.2 Water services

Water services in the district are generally fair. 79.41% of People get water mainly from traditional wells and natural spring water from these sources is neither clean nor safe. This situation is associated with prevalence of water borne diseases to the majority of district population. Despite this constraint at present 65,753 people (20.41%) of the district population get clean and safe water from shallow wells fitted with hand pumps,  owned by Water User Groups (WUGs). Uyovu, Bulega, Ibambilo, Bukombe Ikuzi and Musasa water schemes  are Owned by Community Owned Water Supply Organizations(COWSOs), Rain water harvesting tanks have been constructed at Institutions these are owned and maintained by Institutions. Likely the practice of User Level Operation and Maintenance (ULOM) and legal framework over the shallows wells ensure sustainability of existing shallow wells. At present the District headquarters is served by piped scheme with water source at Katente village, approximately 23% of this population is served with water including the district hospital.

1.4.3 Education Services

Primary education is delivered at least in every village in the district. The district has 75 primary schools. There is acute shortage of desirable accommodation for staff and their families, shortage of classrooms, learning and teaching materials. In line with the National Education policy, the community has been sensitized to take charge in maters pertaining to primary and secondary schools development.  In Bukombe district adult literate rate approximated to be around 70%.

 

1.4.4 Good Governance

There is good collaboration at grass root level (village). Functional village governments involve the village communities in all development matters. This also applies at ward and district level where collaboration with other development actors outside and within the district has been strengthened. All matters in the district are conducted openly e.g. financial matters are advertised to the community, budget and projects to be implemented are also put openly to the community.

1.4.5 Electricity 

Significance of electricity to any modern development is of prime importance. Through Tanzania Rural Electrification Agency (REA), there is ongoing electrical supply project in the district. This project has already installed electricity into various households and small scale business holdings. According to TANESCO, by the end of 2016/2017 FY, all urban centres of Ushirombo and Uyovu will be fully served by electrical service. This will improve socio-economic activities amongst Bukombe dwellers.

1.4.6 Telephone Services

Tanzania Telecommunication Company Limited (TTCL) extends wireless telephone to the district since 2002. So far there are 11 telephone lines in Ushirombo, and Uyovu. Cellular telephone companies, namely Vodacom, Tigo, Zantel, Halotel and Airtel are currently operating in the district.

 

1.4.7 Postal Services

Tanzania Postal Corporation has a post office in Ushirombo and Uyovu. The office provides regular postal services including mail services by ordinary mails, Expedited Mail Services (EMS) and parcels. Money transfer by money fax has also been introduced.

1.4.8 Banking Services

The nearest banking service available in the District is National Microfinance Bank (NMB) which started its operational since January 2009 and CRDB Banks so that it can extend their services to the district. Even though several consultation meetings with the Banks in Kahama ended fruitless despite the formal request sent to the Director General of CRDB Bank in Dar es Salaam.

CHAPTER TWO

ENVIROMENTAL SCAN

Introduction 

This chapter provides an analysis of participation of key stakeholders/partners in the district development. The analysis includes names of key stakeholders/partners, as well as their expected contribution to the district development.

4.1.1 Parastatal Organizations and Government Agencies.

Bukombe district like other districts has several parastatal organizations and other government agencies which serve different purposes according to their nature of services. Some organizations have their services, being operated in the district without branch offices and some have branch offices.

Post office.

This is a Government that deals with posting and delivering parcel. It has office in the district.

National Social Security Fund (NSSF).

This is a financial organization which deals with mobilizing financial resource contribution from employees in private organizations. NSSF operates in Bukombe district but it has no branch offices.

Tanzania Telecommunication Company Limited (TTCL).

This is the telephone company which deals with distribution of land lines telephones. TTCL is widespread all over Tanzania but has no branch office in Bukombe district.

National Microfinance Bank (NMB)

This is a financial organization which deals with banking services. The services of NMB are wide spread in the whole country; there is one branch in the district.

LAPF- Local Authorities provided Fund.

This is a financial organization dealing in mobilizing financial resource from local government employees. The Fund operates without a branch in the district.

Tanzania Police

This is a government organization which is responsible for peace and harmony in the country. Peace is one of the contributing factors of development. This is responsible to make sure that law and order are being followed

Tanzania Prisons

This is a government organization which is responsible for rehabilitation of people moral after breaking the laws in the country. They work together with the Tanzania Court and Tanzania Police Force.

4.1.2 Community Based Organization (CBO) & Faith Based Organizations (CBO)

There are 600 community base organizations, among these 200 are women groups which are getting loans from Ministry of Community Development Gender and Children (MCDGC) in collaboration with Bukombe district. The aim of these loans is to eradicate poverty.

4.1.3 Non-Governmental Oranizations

There are 13 Non-Governmental Organizations in Bukombe District. These organizations are working in different area of development. These areas includes:-

Environment, Agriculture and Livestock

Health

HIV/AIDS treatment, care advocacy and education

Women and Children right

Education

Poverty eradication and entrepreneurship.

4.1.4 SACCOS

Bukombe District has 22 SACCOS which are dealing with saving and credit.

4.1.5 Political Parties in Bukombe District.

Like other places in the country, Bukombe district has various political parties. Those which are predominated and have offices in the district are as follows:-

C.C.M             Chama cha Mapinduzi

CUF                Civil United Front.

NCCR            Mageuzi

CHADEMA   Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo.

TLP                 Tanzania Labour part.

4.1.6 International Development Agents.

A part from the district there are other several important partners dealing with development activities in Bukombe district. These include

CARE international 

International NGO dealing with poverty alleviation by promoting saving and investment.

OXFARM

International NGO dealing with Agriculture by promoting good practice in agriculture.

SNV

International NGO dealing with Capacity Building in Local Government

ENGENDER HEALTH

International NGO dealing with family planning and health

RED – CROSS

International and National Organizations dealing With HIV/AIDS.

These are;

Elizabeth Gylecier Paedemic Aids Foundation (EGYPAF)

Benjamin Mkapa Aids Foundation (BMAF)

RFA

TACAIDS

 

2.1 Stakeholders ‘Analysis.

Participation of shareholders in development is vital in sharing vision, strategies and resources to confront the identified development constraints. The stakeholders in the district deal with a range of activities including agro–business; these include cotton processing ginneries, cooperative societies and mining exploration companies. Social service sectors include Non Government Organizations (NGOs) dealing with sensitization in HIV/AIDS pandemic, delivery of primary education, water and environmental sanitation.

2.1.1 Name of the key stakeholders

The key stakeholders in the district include:- World Vision-Tanzania, CARE–International, Water Development Company Ltd (WEDECO), African Medical Research Foundation (AMREF) crop buyers like Cop–Cot, Kahama Cotton & Mill Co. Ltd. KCML, SHIRECU, FRESHO, BIRCHAND, ATTT, Kahama Cooperative Union (KACU) and CARGILL. There are a number of Community Based Organizations like UWAMA, Mwangaza, Kikundi cha Kudhibiti UKIMWI (KKU), FPCT, Hamasa and NGOs like TANESA, Zongomera farmers Development Association.

Needs/Expectation of stakeholders

The impact of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) in the district has shown that, the Community own priorities ranking were considered as their major problems identified surrounding the Communities. Where constructions of heath facilities, water facilities, improvements of education standards, VIP Latrines, Roads and Bridges construction are some of major problems identified by the community. Every year the district conducted O & OD exercise to know the priorities from the community.

As it has been noted above, key stakeholders play a vital role in the district development. Although they have been well established within the community, but the magnitude of their participation so far is acknowledgeable. The following matrix below summarizes the details concerning key stakeholders.

No	Stakeholders	Expectation/Interests	Potential impact of not meeting expectations	Priority
1	Word Vision Tanzania	Ensure social economic development	will not be able to mobilize people to participate in development activities	M
2	CARE - International	Improved quality of education	Will not be able to establish schools	M
3	Water development Company (WEDECO) Ltd	-Construction of shallow–well -Capacity building of water user Groups (WUGs) -Supply water pumps and accessories	Water wells will never be constructed, rehabilitated and repaired	M
4	African Medical Research Foundation (AMREF)	Disease surveillance and medical research	Curative and preventive health services will be affected.	M
5	Crop buyers, Cop - Cot, KCML, SHIRECU, FRESHO, BIRCHAND, ATTT, KANU, CARGIL	Procurement of cash crops specifically cotton lint, tobacco and sunflower	District Council will not get the produce and less income to farmers.	H
6	Mwangaza, Hamasa, FPCT, - Ikuzi, KKU.	Educate community on HIV/AIDS pandemic	HIV/AIDS pandemic will continue spreading	L
7	UWAMA	Educate community on HIV/AIDS	AIDS/HIV pandemic will continue spreading	L

 

Note:  H= High,

 L = Low

M = Mild

SWOT Analysis

This section describes Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats that might impede in the course of implementing the planned activities and budget. The matrix below gives an analysis with respect to this matter.

Sector	Strength	Weakness	Opportunity	Threat
Agriculture and livestock Development	Trained staffs	Poor agriculture practices	Fertile land is available	Unfavorable weather condition
	Trained community based village animal workers	Inadequate extension officers at ward and village levels
Water and Sanitation	Trained staffs participation of private sector (WEDECO) very effective	Slow pace of contribution to water development accounts	Existence of water user Groups, presence of NGOs like World Vision	Other places are not feasible for shallow wells
Works	Trained staff available	Low level of participation of people in road maintenance	Existence of labour based technicians	Lack of maintenance of existing roads will depleted infrastructures
	Availability of limited number of public buildings.	Some buildings are in dilapidated condition.	- Accommodation demand is high	- Inadequate resources
	- Job descriptions to every personnel is available	-Failure in attending and monitor road activities	- Staffs and equipment are available
Health	- trained personnel	-Inadequate health personnel	Availability of health infrastructures such as dispensaries and health centre	In case of major outbreak of epidemic diseases like cholera
	- Availability of village Health workers	- Lack of electricity hides storage of vaccines
Primary Education	- Trained personnel	- Vastness of the District impedes monitoring educational delivery	Ward Education Coordinators might provide a link	Less funding might lead to the back side of the existing achievements
	- Existence of education infrastructures throughout the District

CHAPTER THREE

 

Review of Institutional Perspectives

Vision of the Council

“To be a competent institution in facilitation and provision of adequate and reliable socio-economic services to the people”

Mission Statement

“To facilitate an effective provision and acquisition of sustainable quality socio-economic services to the people in collaboration with all stakeholders through optimal utilization of available opportunities and resources by adhering to principles of equity and good governance”

Objectives

To achieve the mission statement above, the district has earmarked the following long term objectives:-

Social services improved and HIV/AIDS infection  reduced

An effective implementation  of the National Anti-corruption strategy enhanced and sustained

Quantity and quality of social services  and economic infrastructures improved

Good governance and administrative services enhanced

Social welfare, gender and community empowerment improved

Emergency preparedness and disaster management improved

Natural  resources  and environmental management sustained

Administrative Structure

 

 

3.4.1 Administrative Department

 

INFORMATION,COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNICATION (ICT)

The roles of the ICT Unit are:

• Policy formulation, Monitoring and Evaluation, regulatory and legal matters pertaining to communication, ICT, science, technology and Innovation;
• Performing testing of systems software before they are being installed into the Council’s computers;
• Provide technical support to users of computer systems;
• Performing systems administration by assigning users rights to the system as well as conducting user acceptance test;
• Performing Computer repair and maintenance;
• Ensuring that systems software is being updated and backed up as scheduled.

The roles of Information, Communication and public relations officer.

• To coordinate press conference, writing a press releases.
• To coordinate all media activities in district.
• To facilitate preparation and airing of various awareness campaigns in the district.
• To attend all district management meetings in order to collect right information about decisions made by district administration.
• To respond to enquiries from public and other stakeholders after consultation with appropriate officials, online and internet search in order to provide a more proactive dissemination service.
• To serve as a link between media and government on one hand and government and public on the other through.
• To assist in elaborating various government policies through publications, interactive interviews or discussions with stakeholders.
• To provide leadership in developing internal information resources, networks and increasingly via intranet sites.
• To coordinate publications on special features, journals, brochures and newsletter about the district both mechanically, electronically in the district websites for the purpose of publicizing and marketing the service offered by district.

 

Planning, Monitoring and Statistics

1.9. Population 

According to the 2012 National Census, the District was having 224,542 people. Population growth rate is 5.9% per annum.  According to NBS (National Bureau of Statistics) the district population is projected to be 258,405 people by the year 2017, the factors for population growth are births and migration. The population density is 27 people per km^2. 

 

Table 3: Population Projection in Bukombe District

S/N	Ward	Population	Population Percentage
1	Bugelenga	8,463	3.8%
2	Bukombe	11,706	5.2%
3	Busonzo	10,296	4.6%
4	Butinzya	9,877	4.4%
5	Bulega	13520	6.0%
6	Igulwa	16,528	7.4%
7	Iyogelo	7,910	3.5%
8	Lyambamgongo	6,314	2.8%
9	Namonge	30,654	13.7%
10	Ng'anzo	8,922	4.0%
11	Runzewe Magh:	11,990	5.3%
12	Runzewe Mash:	16,095	7.2%
13	Ushirombo	6,040	2.7%
14	Uyovu	29,909	13.3%
15	Katome	8,230	3.7%
16	Katente	19,982	8.9%
17	Bulangwa	8,106	3.6%
TOTAL		224,542	100%

Source: NBS, 2016

 

 

 

Community Developemnt

• Gender Issues.

Gender awareness has been created among the community in the District. The study regarding gender issues was done in 2001 and recommended way towards achieving gender balance development. An active group formed “the Jikwamue Mama” which has been vital in this regard. The role of this group was to conduct sensitization meetings with women throughout the district. Gender activities focused not only on development, but also on issues such as subordination in the house hold, house political affairs and social matters at large. The archive of the gender balance women are now occupying the positions as councilors, head of Departments in council, wards and village executive officers.

Table 2.1 Income Generated Association formed in four years

year	No. Of IGA Formed	IGA Received Loans	Amount of Loans (Tshs)	Payback (Tsh)
2008	22	20	10,000,000	9,284,000
2009	33	19	9,500,000	9,877,500
2010	39	18	9,000,000	8,575,000
2011	40	30	15,000,000	2,212,000

 

The table shows that the formation of Income Generating Groups is yearly growing. Also the groups received loans are yearly increasing. The problem of giving loans to groups is the insufficient revolving fund for loans.

 

Environment

 

Table 2.2 Environmental management in agriculture sector

No.	Agricultural Activities	Environmental Impact	Mitigation measure
1.	Farming in water catchments area	-Decreasing wildlife habitat -Water catchments area destruction.	-Environmental awareness - reforestation in water catchments area -bylaws to protect water catchments.
2.	Continuous cultivation of the same field over years without fertilizers	Decrease Agricultural land productivity
3.	Clearing forest land for Agriculture	Decreasing of useful forest and wildlife biodiversity	Conservation of communal forest (Ngitiri)
4.	Shifting cultivation near or inside community conservation buffer zone	Inadequate and pour quality water sources during the dry seasons	- Soil conservation practices - Control shifting cultivation. - Crop rotation
5.	Application of inorganic inputs (pesticides, inorganic fertilizers	- change of pH level of the land - Water pollution	Use of Organic inputs,
6.	Cultivation along the slope/hills	- soil erosion - loss of soil fertility	- Contour farming - Terraces cultivation - Mixed cultivation (agro-forest)

Livestock are one of the major causes of environmental degradation if are not well managed. The table below shows the Environmental impact caused by livestock keeping activities.

Table2.4 Environmental management in Livestock Sector

No.	Livestock keeping activities	Environmental Impacts	Mitigation measures
1.	Over grazing	Soil erosion	- De - stocking
2.	Bush fire	Deforestations /drought Soil erosion
3.	Migration in search of water and pasture for livestock	- Soil erosion - Water pollution - Spread of diseases - Deforestation	- Zero grazing - establishing Land use plan
4.	In absence of land use plan	Conflict between Farmers and Livestock keepers	Establish Land use plan and bylaws

 

2.2 FORESTRY

The natural forests cover 598,200 ha hence making forestry one of the main sector in district economy through legal timbering, carpentry, charcoal production, construction material, fire woods and beekeeping. It is approximately that more than 50% income of Bukombe is being generated from forestry sector. The District Local government earned TShs 106,001,300/= and the Central government earned TShs 40,196,800/= in 2007/2008, therefore making forestry sector the largest source of income in the District.

Due to increase in population and people who are engaged directly and indirectly in forestry activities the forestry resource is being severely depleted. The deforestation rate is 25,115.4 Ha per year, The conservation of forestry has been difficult due to several reasons such as illegal utilization of forestry; political sphere; there are unequal distribution of income from forestry among the stakeholders (Community and the Government); inadequate human resources and working tools, tradition and culture, and bush fire.

Table 2.5 Environmental Impact and Management in Forestry

No.	Forestry activities	Environmental Impacts	Mitigation measures
1.	Timber production	- Deforestation	- Patrol - Participatory Forest Management - Afforestation - Training and workshops
2.	Charcoal	- Deforestation - Bushfire	- Alternative source of energy/Energy efficiency stoves (Majiko sanifu - Contriol bushfire

 

Causes of Deforestation in Bukombe District

1. Clear cut of forests for charcoal production
2. Illegal harvesting of timber in forest reserves
3. Shifting cultivation
4. Conversion of forest reserve areas into agricultural land
5. Establishment of settlement in forest reserves
6. Grazing in forest reserves
7. Open pit mining
8. Road construction

The other gold rich parts of the district are the area along Kigosi, Nkonga and Nasafwe rivers. Here alluvial gold washed down the rivers over long period is formed and exploited by small scale artisanal miners, these alluvial deposit are Holocene and fossils streams draining into Pletocene/Pliocene lakes. Here the gold is found embedded in heavy clays, sands and un-cemented gravels.

Table 2.6 Environmental Management in Mineral Sector

No.	Mining activities	Environmental Impacts	Mitigation measures
1.	Open land	- Deforestation -Open holes	- Refilling of holes - Afforestation
2.	Washing of gold using Mercury	- Water and air pollution	- proper handling of waste water - Alternative methods of extraction of gold - Environmental awareness
3	Underground mining	- Collapse of land resulting into death	- Education on mining methods - Awareness on hazard associated with mining

2.4 CONSTRUCTION WORKS AND HOUSING SECTOR

Construction works and housing is inevitable in human life therefore this activity is taking place in Bukombe district. The environmental resources used by construction include stones, aggregates, sand, timbers, poles, bricks, land plot, grass. Unsustainable use of these environmental resources contributes in degradation of the environmental resources. For the case of Bukombe district environmental resources are readily available. The need of resources is high that lead to increasing the rate of environmental resource depletion. The use of trees in construction works, existence of opening where aggregates for making bricks, are amongst environmental concern.

Unplanned settlement and poor housing which are more observed in mining areas leads to environmental problems. These problems are solid waste; poor sanitation which may leads to outbreak of diseases like cholera, diarrhoea, as well as Malaria and HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases.

 

Table 2.7 Environmental Impact and Management in Construction and Housing Sector

No.	Construction activities	Environmental Impacts	Mitigation measures
1.	Timbers and poles for construction	- Deforestation	- use of iron poles -reuse of poles after construction - Afforestation
2.	Land excavation, borrow pits	- Deforestation - left out open trench -	- land rehabilitation by backfilling of open trench by using solid waste - afforestation

 

2.5 WATER SECTOR

Most of the rivers are seasonal and discharge water depending on amount of rain. Nikonga River is perennial but it is not a good source for drinking water and worse it discharges its water toward the Kigosi game reserve.

Water is mainly required  for domestic use and livestock. Small scale gold mining also uses some water. The supply of domestic water is provided through shallow and deep wells and in some area natural well.

Table 2.8 Environmental Impact and Management in Water sector

No.	Water Sector activities	Environmental Impacts	Mitigation measures
1.	Over extraction of ground water	Lower water table	- Use of sectoral policies - Water sources conservation
2.	Domestic and industrial use of water, increase population	Increase of liquid waste and solid waste	- Establish laws of proper disposal of waste. - Establishment waste disposal site
3.	Increase of livestock	Land degradation within water catchment area	- Monitor Herd size - Proper land use planning

 

2.6 WILDLIFE SECTOR

Moyowosi-Kigosi ecosystem is the central Government game reserve made of the twin game reserve of Moyowosi and Kigosi that covers part of Tabora, Kagera, Geita, Shinyanga and Kigoma region with a total area of 21403 sqkm of which Kigosi distribution is in three district that is Bukombe (3750sqkm),Urambo (4000sqkm)and Kahama (700sqkm) In this game reserve there are precious animals like Impala, Water back, Buffalo, Elephant, Zebra, Giraffe, Leopards, Hippos and Crocodiles.

Activities undertaken in the game reserve include.

Anti-poaching

Offer permit to the villagers around the game reserve to fish or to put beehives after the villagers produces licenses from their appropriate officials.

Table 2.9 Environmental Impact and Management in Wildlife

No.	Wildlife keeping activities	Environmental Impacts	Mitigation measures
1.	Illegal utilization of the resource	- Migration of wildlife - loss of biodiversity, - change of ecosystem - Increase of soil erosion - Decrease of water streams	- Patrol - Conducting seminars, workshops and training to the community - Rehabilitation by enrichment planting
2.	Bush fire	- migration of wildlife - loss of biodiversity - loss of pasture and water	- Construction of fire breaks
3.	Migration in search of water and pasture for livestock	- Soil erosion - Water pollution - Spread of diseases - Deforestation	- Zero grazing - establishing Land use plan
4.	In absence of land use plan	Conflict between Farmers and Livestock keepers	Establish Land use plan and bylaws

2.8 BEEKEEPING

Because of favorable climate and forests, beekeeping is widely practiced in Bukombe. There are about 1,481 modern beehives and 17,0458 traditional hives. The areas famous for beekeeping are Moyowosi, Kigosi game reserves, Bukombe forest reserve, However the marketing of this bee - products is not well established in Bukombe.

Table 2.10 Environmental Impact and Management in Beekeeping

No.	Beekeeping keeping activities	Environmental Impacts	Mitigation measures
1.	Using fire in honey harvesting	- migration of wildlife - loss of biodiversity - loss of pasture and water -Bush fires	- Use environmental friendly method in honey harvesting
2.	Using tree for making beehives	- Deforestation	-Using of modern beehives

3.1.2 AIR

Air in Bukombe District is determined by prevailing topography and climatic condition. The topography of the District Council is determined by prevailing topography and climatic condition. The topography of the District Council is basically characterized by flat terrain with land marks with scattered hilly rocks, slightly uplifted and lying land forms.

However, while air is said to be abundantly available within the district, its quality is an issue of concern. Air in Bukombe district is characterized of semi-arid tropical climatic conditions and windy conditions.

Air in Bukombe district is high polluted due to, inter alia, the following factors:-

Most of the roads in Bukombe District Council are unpaved and have degraded road condition. The poor quality roads characterized of unpaved and loose earth surfaces give rise to chocking duct fumes and thus aggravates of air pollution.

Air pollution caused by ginneries by emitting particles and smoke form the plant.

Vehicles, fuel electricity generators and machines are also active in causing air pollution. Old-aged vehicles plying along the roads/streets are said to be generating a lot of gaseous fumes and emissions e.g. smoke which when absorbed cause air pollution.

Some measures have been taken to reduce air pollution levels in the district. For instance tree planting initiates being undertaken in different parts of the district and other stakeholders including education institutions, villages and individuals. The aim at restoring the lost tree and grass cover in the district.

The presence of Ginnery, saw mills near people’s residence also pose problem to residency the proper town planning is underway to mitigate that problem.

3.1.3 FORESTRY RESOURCE

3.1.3.1 Characteristics and Importance

Forestry reserve cover up to 598,200 ha of Bukombe District land which is about 60% of the whole land of Bukombe District. Other forests are owned by community and individuals known as Ngitiri for domestic uses like fuel, construction and medicine. The type of forest includes Miombo woodlands and tropical forestry.

 Table 3.2 Forest reserve in Bukombe District Council

Name of reserve	Size (Ha.)	Year	GN	Ownership	Status
Runzewe	32,000	1958		Local Government	The forest has finished to be converted into farms and settlements
Bukombe/Mbogwe	9,000	1958		Local Government	The forest has been affected with illegal harvesting for charcoal and timber.
Ushirombo	7,600	1950		Local Government	The forest has been affected with illegal harvesting for charcoal, timber and mining activities
Biharamulo/Kahama	44,000	1954		Central Government	The forest has been affected with illegal harvesting for charcoal and timber. Also, some parts of the forest have been converted into settlements.
Total	598,200

Source: District Natural Resource Office

3.1.3.2 Forest Resource Use by Activity Sectors

The activity sectors that are using forest products include housing and construction, domestic uses for fuel, medicine and food, as well as beekeeping. Agriculture also depends on forestry due to the fact that forest help in formation of rainfall, soil reservation and shedding and wind breaker for some plants.

3.1.3.3 Impact of activity Sector on Forestry Resource

The impact of activity sectors on forestry is remarkably high in Bukombe District. These includes:-

• Cutting down trees for timbers and post for construction, charcoal and firewood for fuels
• Bushfire for preparing pasture for livestock and honey production.

These activities result into deforestation, soil degradation and eventually cause drought.

3.1.3.5 Management Arrangement

Forestry resource management is given high priority in Bukombe district and is based in two main activities conserving and protection available forest to ensure sustainable use of the resource and planting new trees. The management of forestry resource is done in collaboration with public sectors, NGO’s, CBO’s and individuals in planting trees. The Participatory Forestry Management (PFM) is the programme which allows participation of community in conservation of forests. 

3.1.4 Mineral Resources

3.1.4.1 Characteristics and Importance

Mining activities in Bukombe District is of small scale artisan mining. The data for mineral production is not readily available although it produces income to community in the District does not earn any income from this sector directly. In Tanzania the small scale mining is producing 5-6 tonnes of gold annually.

3.1.4.3 Impact of Activity Sectors on Minerals

Mineral extraction and processing have high negative impacts to the environment around the ore. These impacts includes

• Land degradation by opening land as well as open pits which are dangerous to human and livestock. The pit which are near roads causes
• Destruction of vegetation covers due to use of forestry products for construction, firewood. The destruction is severe because of the unsure and speculative nature of small scale mining
• The influx of large groups of miners into a village or a new area within a short time places some constrains in social organisation and administration of the village social utilities like schools, hospital, water, transport etc.
• Health hazard due to leakage of mercury and other chemicals into nearby water wells

3.1.4.4 Management Arrangement

There is a process of establishing partnership between mining sectors and the District council in order to find solution and mitigation measures for the impact caused by mining sector. The collaboration between Ministry of Energy and Mineral with the District council needs to be strengthened to provide room for mutual benefit and management of degraded environment in the area.

3.1.5 Tourism and Recreation

3.1.5.1 Tourism

Tourism is one of the good management of forestry resources. It balances the natural ecosystem in the forestry and yet it provides income through tourist hunting. The game reserve present in Bukombe District is the Muyovozi-Kigosi game reserve.

Human activities such as Illegal utilization of wildlife resources, encroachment of reserves by farmers and livestock keepers, bushfires are the major impact that hinders tourism management in Bukombe District. These activities cause migration of wildlife, loss of biodiversity, change of the ecosystem, spread of diseases and deforestation.

Management of wildlife resources includes community based conservation, control bushfire by establishing buffer zones, awareness creation by using outreach programmes, establishing land use plan.

3.1.5.1 Recreation

Several open spaces have been reserved for recreation area. These open spaces are for the purpose of 5 recreation area and 2 sports grounds.

 

3.2. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Environmental hazards are influenced by human activities, either direct or indirect. The following are environmental hazard which are more remarkably in the district are Land degradation, desertification, public health hazards, solid waste and air pollution.

3.2.1 Land Degradation

Deforestation, mining activities, poor agriculture practices, building material extraction are the major activities that lead to land degradation. Strong measure for land rehabilitation and proper utilization of the land resources should be addressed.

3.2.3 Desertification

The human activities such as emission of Global warming gases, Ozone layer depletion, Deforestration, Overgrazing are the major factor that are contributing to desrtificationa and change of global Climate. The management of these activities and introducing environmental friendly technologies is of the utmost importance.

3.2.4 Public Health Hazard

Public Health hazard are mainly caused because of the mismanagement of human activities that causes environmental problems. Most of the public health hazards are the consequence of environmental problems, for example diseases like diarrhea, cholera, malaria, etc.

3.2.5 Solid waste

Solid waste is among environmental hazard which is increasing in Bukombe district. The management of the waste management through participation of stakeholders is now in place. The process of identifying appropriate area for waste disposal site is now in progress.

3.2.6 Air Pollution

The main causes of air pollution in Bukombe District are from rice mills, ginnery and dust and smokes from cars.

3.2.7 Water Pollution

The main causes of water pollution in Bukombe District are as follows

• Seepage of sewerage from toilets to nearby water wells this is more seen in urban and town centres.
• Contamination of mercury and other minerals in nearby wells
• Pollution from storm water to wells and streams in low land
• Seepage of oils and fuel from cars and generators to the ground wells

 

4.1: Agriculture and Livestock

Agricultural sector comprises both crops and livestock production. The major food crops grown include; Maize, rice, Cassava, beans, Potatoes, while cotton and tobacco are cash crops of most important.

Table: 1 Types of Soil

Type of Soil	Where Found (Wards)	Economic Importance
Eutric Rhodic Cambsols	Ushirombo	Sorghum, Millet, Simsim, Cotton, Groundnuts, Sweet potatoes, Rice, Maize – Early maturity varieties and Cassava
Chronic Ferralic Cambsols	Iyogelo	Cotton, Groundnuts, Sweet potatoes, Rice, Maize – Early maturity varieties and Cassava
Rhodic Ferralic Cambsols	Runzewe	Mangoes, Maize, Millet, Banana, Wheat, Rice, Finger Millet, Beans – Canadian variety, Passion fruits, Cotton, Sisal, Sunflower, Cassava, Sim sim, Tobacco and Jatropha
Chronic Ferralic Cambsols	Uyovu	Banana , Coffee, Cassava, Sweet potatoes, Maize – Early maturity variety, Beans – Canadian variety, Sim sim, Passion fruits, Macadamia nuts, Jatropha, Sunflower, Tobacco, Pyrrethrum and Sisal

Source: DAICO Office-Bukombe

Agricultural sector contributes more than 73% of the District GDP and more than 77% of the district Labor force depends on Agriculture for their earning. It should not be forgotten that out of 48% of Poverty result from lack of basic needs, 31% results from lack of food.

The following are the bottlenecks in Agricultural sector development

Existence and prevailing of contagious diseases such as foot and mouth diseases, CBPP, Lumpy skin disease, these diseases mostly affect Bovine species (Cattle), while New castle diseases affect avian species (Chicken). Intermittent dipping of livestock result to existence of tick borne diseases in the district. The diseases include; East coast fever, Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis and heart water, these diseases affect  ruminant animals (cattle).Worms infestations such as Fascioliasis, Roundworms and Tapeworms affect both ruminant (cattle, goat & sheep) and non-ruminant animals (pigs & dogs).

Lack of reliable market and accessible roads to the market and poor transportation facilities for farm produce from field to the marketing place.

Poor market information (inadequate agricultural information to the farmers).

Poor crop production methods, about 60% of peasants in the district use traditional ways of farming through hand hoe, 38% use animal power, while 2% use tractors.

Poor participation of crop producers in price setting for their agricultural products especially for cash crops.

Selling of raw products at a low price, most of farmers have no ability to add value for their produce, example, sunflower, cotton and horticultural crops.

Production cost is higher than selling cost.

Inadequate extension personnel.

 

                      Table 1: Livestock population 2014/2015-2016/2017

Type	2014/2015	2015/2016	2016/2017
Cattle (indigenous)	97,800	105,000	130,750
Cattle (exotic)	75	79	85
Goats	41,500	62,400	93,400
Sheep	21,500	28,700	38,500
Pigs	5,230	6,300	6,731
Chicken (local)	5,300	278,000	314,600
Chicken (exotic)	4,015	3,120	3,650

                         Source: Livestock Office - Bukombe

Table 2: Number of cattle sold for the past 3 years

Year	Number	Value
2014/2015	14,324	6,302,560,000
2015/2016	14,891	6,700,950,000
2016/2017	15,372	7,378,560,000
Total	44,587	20,382,070,000

Source: Livestock Office - Bukombe

 

Table 3: Livestock product sales for the past 3 years

Year	Product	Unit	Amount/Number	Value
2014/2015	Milk	Lts	407,000	325,6000,000
	Eggs	Ea	315,000	94,600,000
	Cream (samli)	Kgs	123,000	615,000,000
	Beef	Kgs	532,000	2,660,000,000
2015/2016	Milk	Lts	421,000	421,000,000
	Eggs	Ea	304,000	121,600,000
	Cream (samli)	Kgs	157,000	94,200,000
	Beef	Kgs	548,000	3,288,000,000
2016/2017	Milk	Lts	415,000	415,000,000
	Eggs	Ea	361,000	114,400,000
	Cream (samli)	Kgs	11,250	67,500,000
	Beef	Kgs	531,000	3,186,000,000

Source: Livestock Office – Bukombe

Table 4: District – Livestock infrastructure 2017

No	Item	Number
1	Cattle dips	5
2	Charcot	7
3	Permanent crushes	5
4	Veterinary centers	0
5	Slaughter slabs	2
6	Livestock markets	2
7	Cattle watering troughs	4
8	Night camps and check  points	2
9	A/Centers	0

Source: Livestock Office - Bukombe

 

 

 

Table 5: Land use

Category	Ha
Area Suitable for Cultivation	205,960
Area under Cultivation	167,709
Area suitable for Irrigation	1,850
Area under irrigation	-
Area Suitable for Livestock husbandry	836
Area Covered with Water	105,000
Natural   Forest	598,200
Protected  Forest	4,716,750
Artificial Forest

Source: DAICO Office - Bukombe

                    

10.2: Trade & Industries

Existence of trade in Bukombe district is mainly a function of development of small and Large – scale-mining activities, which attract a great number of emigrants; however some emigrants purposely come for trading activities of different kinds.

Similarly, there is a diversity of activities ranging from Petty Businesses run by informal sector to limited companies run by big companies such as   National Microfinance Bank (NMB).

The district has a District Business Council with the aim of facilitating business activities within the district. It was formed in 2008 comprising of 40 members of whom 20 are from public service and the rest are from private sector.

                    

     Table 6: Statistics on Industries and Petty businesses for the year 2009/2010

Item	Year	Type	Number
Large scale industries	2016/2017		Nil
Medium scale industries	2016/2017	Cotton mills	01
Small scale industries	2016/2017	Milling machines	30
Petty business	2016/2017	LIQUOR LICENCES
		Night Clubs	Nil
		Grocery	90
		Sub whole sale	04
		BUSINESS
		Retail shops	400
		Sub whole sale	18
		Guest Houses	130
		Stationeries	28
		Butcheries	20
		Restaurants	27
		Garages	Nil
		Other Businesses	831
		BIG BUSINESS AVAILABLE
		Super market	03
		Hotel	02
		Petrol  station	10
		Bank	02
		Whole sale Beer & Soda	04
		Cotton Buyers	05
		Kiosk	31
		Agency Business	03

 

11.0: INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

The district has limited number of Industries Developed.  The main significant Industries are cereal milling machines which process rice and maize; The District has two Mining licensed companies namely Nsagali Gold Mining and Selemani Juma Malale Gold Mine. others include several small scale exploration industries.           

Factors which Contribute to poor Development of Industries in the district is attributed by lack of capital, knowledge and proper technology especially in mining sector.

 

11.1: Tourism

The district has some areas for tourism, one of the most famous area is the Miyowosi/Kigosi game reserve which is found in the West part of Bukombe. The Moyowosi is the Game reserve which is under the control of TAWA. Within the reserve there are various animals such as Elephants, Crocodiles, Hippos, Giraffes, Statunga, Bushbucks, Otters, different types of snakes, Baboons, Roan antelopes, Chimpanzee, Black and white colobus, Suni and Grey parrots. Various people from abroad and within the country come to visit the place.

TAWA - Tanzania Wildlife Authority

Ushirombo Local Authority Forest Rreserve

Forest produce includes charcoal, poles, fuel wood, Honey, Beeswax, Fodder game, Streams, Poor quality and small quantity of Timber. These resources are exploited from unprotected areas as well as from reserved forests through encroachment and illegal harvesting.

 

Opportunities for Investments

Beekeeping

As it has been mentioned earlier that a total of 340 Ha is covered by natural forests, Beekeeping activities are undertaken in Siloka, Bukombe and Ushirombo divisions by the use of Traditional and modern methods (using the traditional and modern beehives)

Being the case there is a need for investors with improved methods to invest so that the indigenous can adopt these methods.

Traditional methods are mainly applied resulting into low quality honey and related products.  The honey produced is sold locally and is mostly used to prepare different types of local brews.

 

Minerals

In some parts of the district, the mining business has been explored. Small scale gold mining is being carried out in Ng’anzo, Kelezia, Katente and Uyovu. However, further researches are required to examine the economic viability of the ores to justify large scale investments in these areas.

 

Irrigation

The lands suitable for traditional irrigation are found at Bugelenga 250 ha. and Mjimwema 100 ha.

The irrigation has …ha suitable for irrigation, till now the irrigated are is only … ha. The district is going on with construction of Irrigation Scheme in Bugelenga and Nampangwe. Completing of these, irrigation system will increase area to be …ha in the district.

Area for Irrigation at Bugelenga

 

Transport and Communication Capacity

4.1.8 Communications

When talking about economic and social development, then reliable communication is the key aspect. Communication means becomes even more important to the rural districts like Bukombe due to its remoteness from the economic and political centers. Growth of Business and other economic activities depends very much on how fast information can be transferred from one point to another or from one person to another. In recent years telecommunication has improved a lot in the District, from Manual operating landlines telephone system to Self Transmission description landlines telephone system and now to mobile telephone systems.

Road Network

Type of Road surface	Authority	Available kms
Tarmac	D/Council	-
	C/Govt	73.6
Gravel	D/Council	66.01
	C/Govt	46.1
Earth	D/Council	809.9
	C/Govt	-

 Source: Work Office - Bukombe          

                                                                                                                                

Air Transport

Currently the district has no provision for air transport.

Radios and Televisions

There is neither radio nor television transmission stations in the district. However, Tanzania Broadcasting Communication (TBC), TBC One, Radio Free Africa (RFA), Star TV, Radio One, ITV and others can be heard and visualized.

 

Telecommunications

The existing mobile telecommunication companies are:

Airtel Tanzania the former Celtel/Zain Tanzania

Vodacom Tanzania,

Zantel

Tigo Tanzania and

Halotel

 

POTENTIALS FOR FURTHER INVESTMENT

1. Construction of Advanced level Secondary School
2. Colleges i.e Vocation Training Centre
3. Construction of Health Centres
4. Presence of financial institutions i.e NMB, CRDB, MABOTO, FINCE, FAIDICA
5. Preparation of building Beef Processing Industry.
6. Presence of gold mineral gives opportunity for mining Companies to invest in the district.
7. Presence of students completing form four motivates the construction of Advanced level Secondary Schools since the district has only one high school.
8. Construction of railway from Isaka to Rwanda, Burundi and DRC which passes through     Bukombe district will fasten the transportation industry. Also the district striving for the construction of International Market at Bukombe village, it is our view that this market will improve agricultural produce prices and make easy for trading.

 

Table 2: Kilometers from district head quarter to Health facilities

NO	POINT	NEXT POINT	KMs
1	District Head Quarter	Uyovu	56
2	Uyovu	Ikuzi	20
3	Ikuzi	District Head Quarter	36
4	District Head Quarter	Bukombe	35
5	District Head Quarter	Lyambamgongo	20
6	District Head Quarter	Iyogelo	40
7	Iyogelo	Bugelenga	20
8	Bugelenga	District Head Quarter	60
9	District Head Quarter	Msonga	45

 

 

1.6. Ethnicity Distribution 

Major ethnic groups in Bukombe District are Sumbwa (50%), Sukuma (25%), Waha (10%), and others (15%). Sukuma depends mainly on Agriculture (food and cash crops) and Livestock keeping and small scale mining. While Sumbwa depend mainly on honey harvesting, hunting and timbering, they do not concentrate much on agriculture activities.

 

 

3.0 ADMINISTRATION

3.1 Organization Structure

The District Executive Director (DED), who is the Chief Executive Officer of Bukombe District Council, is responsible and accountable for the implementation of this Strategic Plan of 2016 - 2021. The DED, with the support of the Council Management Team (CMT), shall regularly report to the Full Council with regards to the implementation the Strategic Plan and its overall performance.

Moreover, the Strategic Plan cuts across all objectives of the Bukombe District Institutional Structure. Therefore it’s advisable that the Planning Department should be dedicated to coordinate and provide an oversight on the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the Strategic Plan.

Also, the respective Departments and Units/Sections shall be responsible for the day to day implementation of this Strategic Plan by designing activities which have not been included herein to meet the long term objectives. This shall go hand in hand with collaboration with Key Stakeholders. Thus, the organization management in the BDC is as shown below in figures 1 and 2.

3.5 Political Structure

Definition of Council Organs

3.3 The Full Council

Its main duty is to approve or disapprove agendas forwarded by standing Committees and provide necessary advice where applicable for the benefit of the community at large.

3.4 Finance, Management and Planning Committee

The main duties and roles of this Committee is to ensure effective collection of the Council revenues and control of public expenditure

3.5 Education, Health and Water Committee

To deal with all matters pertaining to Education, Health and water in the District, including ensuring effective involvement of people at all levels with respect to improvement of social services.

3.6 Planning, Works and Environment Committee

Generally committee is responsible for the development of production activities in the District including Agriculture, Livestock, Industries, and Trade etc. Similarly, it also deals with infrastructure and issues of Land and Environment development.

 

3.7 HIV/AIDS Committee.

 

The committee is responsible in dealing with HIV and AIDS matters e.g. supporting people living with HIV and AIDS and taking preventive measures to the community through provision of condoms and dissemination of HIV and AIDS education in primary and secondary schools.